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Tupolev TB-1
The Tupolev TB-1〔The abbreviation ''TB'' stands for Тяжёлый бомбардировщик (''Tyazholy Bombardirovschik''), Russian for 'heavy bomber'.〕 (development name ANT-4) was a Soviet bomber aircraft, an angular monoplane that served as the backbone of the Soviet bomber force for many years, and was the first large all-metal aircraft built in the Soviet Union.
==Design and development==
In 1924, the Soviet Air Force instructed TsAGI, (Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т (ЦАГИ) – ''Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut'' or Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute) to design a heavy-bomber. TsAGI gave the task to the division led by Andrei Tupolev.〔Gunston 1995, p.381.〕 Tupolev's team designed a twin engined all-metal monoplane with a corrugated Duralumin skin, powered by two Napier Lion engines, the ANT-4.〔Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.36.〕
The first prototype was built during 1925 on the second floor of Tupolev's factory in Moscow, it being necessary to knock down a wall to allow the aircraft to taken out of the building in pieces. After re-assembly at Moscow's Khodynka Aerodrome, it was flown on 26 November 1925.〔Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.36-7.〕
Testing was successful, and it was decided to put the ANT-4 into production as the TB-1. Production was delayed, however, by shortages of aluminium, and by the need to find a replacement for the expensive imported Lion engines, the BMW VI (and later by the Soviet licence-built version, the Mikulin M-17). Production eventually started at the ex-Junkers factory at Fili, Moscow in 1929, 216 following the two prototypes, production continuing until 1932.〔Gunston 1995, pp.381–383.〕〔Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.222.〕 It was produced in both wheel- and float-gears variants (total of 66 ANT-4 seaplanes built).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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